高温水基钻井液研究及应用进展     

徐蒙 《地质与勘探》2023,59(4):901-908

向地球深部进军是我国必须要解决的战略性科技问题,深部钻探是精准探测地球深部的直接手段。随着探测地球深度的增加,深部钻探工程面临着更加复杂的高温高压钻进环境,对高温钻井液的性能提出了更高的要求。近年来,高温钻井液取得了快速发展,国外的高温钻井液抗温能力已超过260℃,而国内高温钻井液技术也在加速发展,目前仍以“三磺”、“聚磺”体系为主,抗高温能力在240℃左右。本文在对比国内外高温水基钻井液进展的基础上,分析总结了国内外主流高温处理剂及高温水基钻井液的种类、功能与工程应用情况,探讨了其在工程应用中存在的问题以及未来的技术发展方向等。提出了未来国内深部钻探高温钻井液面临的关键问题及优先发展方向,主要有研制与优化耐260℃以上高温的处理剂与钻井液体系、开发配套耐高温仪器与系统、控制经济成本以及保护生态环境等方面,将为我国未来实施的万米深地钻探工程奠定技术基础。  相似文献   

地质工程专业普通地质认识实习教学的思考     

许宝田  张勇  王博  杨爱华  解国爱 《高校地质学报》2022,28(3):382-386

文章针对地质工程专业中基础地质学的重要性和普地实习野外教学实际,提出在普地实习中融入地质工程专业知识教学内容。从岩石基本地质特征、力学问题和具体工程地质问题3个方面将基础地质学与地质工程专业知识进行融合、交叉。从而拓展学生视野,实现实习模式创新、内容改革,促进学生学习意识和自主学习的发展,提升专业思维。岩石成分与岩石力学性质、风化特征和水软化性关系密切,节理面的粗糙、起伏和充填物成分影响节理面抗剪、透水等特性,具体工程中的“滑坡”问题是典型的岩体剪切破坏问题,其形成的力学机制与剪节理相同。将上述问题两者联系起来的讲解丰富了普地实习的内容。文章认为普地实习中观察到的现象与地质工程专业课程中很多知识点紧密联系,在基础地质实习教学中融入上述地质工程的专业知识是完全可行性的,采取增加与地质工程专业结合的实践教学环节的办法,既扩大了学生知识面,初步提高学生专业素养,也为实现毕业后成为专业领域合格工程师和科研人员的培养目标迈出重要的第一步。  相似文献   

培养德识双馨的国家栋梁之才：《普通地质学》课程教学有感     

舒良树  王博  茆雅凤 《高校地质学报》2022,28(3):294-301

《普通地质学》是引领新生进入地学殿堂、了解地球科学知识的一门专业启蒙课,也是新形势下地学通识教育中的一门基础理论课。其内容涉及地质学全部基础知识中的最必要部分,具有衔接和统领地学各门专业基础知识的特点。根据多年教学体会,笔者认为在精英教育与通才教育并举的新形势下,必须心系学生,与时俱进,转变教育理念,优化集课堂、实验、野外教学为一体的教学体系,推进教学内容的改革与建设,摈弃不适应时代发展与国家需求的教育模式,采用现代化的教学方法和教育技术;对学生开展基础理论传授、专业基础技能训练、创新科研培育的系统教育,拓宽学生的专业知识面,激发学生专业兴趣和创造性思维。在传授科学知识的同时,目标明确地开展思政教育,引导学生认清学问与道德的关系,建立德识双馨的价值取向,提高基础地质课程教学质量和学生的综合素质,促进教学改革,为国家培养五育兼备的优秀人才。  相似文献   

太古宙的洋-陆与古地理问题^*          下载免费PDF全文

翟明国 《古地理学报》2022,24(5):825-847

大陆最古老的陆壳物质是沉积岩中4.4 Ga的碎屑锆石,最古老的陆壳岩石年龄为4.1-4.0 Ga,出露面积约20 km²。3.9-3.6 Ga的古老陆核出露在不同克拉通中,而大陆的生长峰期是在2.9-2.7 Ga,全球稳定的陆壳圈层形成是在~2.5 Ga,被称为克拉通化。陆壳以英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG)为代表,体积占古老陆壳的~70%以上。古陆表现为高级片麻岩区-花岗绿岩带格局(穹隆-龙骨格局),与显生宙的洋-陆格局不同,暗示构造体制的差异。火山沉积组合即是围绕高级片麻岩地体以层状向斜方式存在的绿岩带,后者相对变质很浅或未变质。早期地球演化中,先有陆还是先有洋、陆核形成和生长的机制、什么时候开始有露出海面的陆地、太古宙时期的洋-陆格局等等都还没有定论。古元古代时期,全球长期处于伸展阶段,巨厚的裂谷型沉积以及伴随的大氧化事件,可能是开启古地理研究的最早地质时期。本文还以华北克拉通为例,作了陆壳演化的简单介绍。  相似文献   

The Himalayan Collisional Orogeny: A Metamorphic Perspective     

WANG Jiamin  WU Fuyuan  ZHANG Jinjiang  Gautam KHANAL  YANG Lei 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(6):1842-1866

This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P-T-t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core. The Himalayan orogeny was divided into three stages. Stage 60–40 Ma: The Himalayan crust thickened to ~40 km through Barrovian-type metamorphism (15–25 °C/km), and the Himalaya rose from <0 to ~1000 m. Stage 40–16 Ma: The crust gradually thickened to 60–70 km, resulting in abundant high-grade metamorphism and anatexis (peak-P, 15–25 °C/km; peak-T, >30 °C/km). The three sub-sheets in the Himalayan metamorphic core extruded southward sequentially through imbricate thrusts of the Eo-Himalayan thrust, High Himalayan thrust, and Main Central thrust, and the Himalaya rose to ≥5,000 m. Stage 16–0 Ma: the mountain roots underwent localized delamination, causing asthenospheric upwelling and overprinting of the lower crust by ultra-high-temperature metamorphism (30–50 °C/km), and the Himalaya reached the present elevation of ~6,000 m. Underplating and imbricate thrusting dominated the Himalaya’ growth and topographic rise, conforming to the critical taper wedge model. Localized delamination of mountain roots facilitated further topographic rise. Future Himalayan metamorphic studies should focus on extreme metamorphism and major collisional events, contact metamorphism and rare metal mineralization, metamorphic decarbonation and the carbon cycle in collisional belts.  相似文献   

煤矿井下定向钻孔中电阻率探测技术与应用     

李博凡  刘磊  范涛  蒋齐平  王杰 《煤田地质与勘探》2022,50(1):52-58

受高瓦斯/承压奥灰水威胁的工作面开采前,一般采取定向钻进技术在工作面底板开展压裂或注浆工程保障开采安全。利用底板定向钻孔开展孔中探测工作,可更加精细揭露工作面内隐伏构造,还可实现“一孔多用”。为解决定向钻孔内的探测问题,提出一种在水平定向钻孔中进行直流电阻率法探查的方法。定向钻孔施工完毕后,退出定向钻孔施工的通缆钻杆,送入内平钻杆,将孔中高密度电缆通过钻杆尾端特制水便送入钻孔,使孔中电缆平铺于钻孔中,在定向钻孔水平段,进行孔内直流电阻率法径向探测。在理论上通过数值模拟研究层状介质下单孔测量工作模式的接收信号衰减规律、视电阻率曲线变化特征、顶底板岩性对测量结果的影响等,并采用单孔测量数据对孔旁异常范围进行反演定位。数值模拟研究表明,孔中电阻率探测方法对隐伏的异常体有良好的探测效果。通过在陕西韩城某矿井下实际煤层底板探测试验,对研究区2个定向抽采钻孔孔中探测数据进行处理,反演结果异常区与工作面内隐伏小断层位置吻合,验证了定向钻孔中电缆布置的可行性和定向钻孔内通过孔内径向和孔间透视探测隐伏构造的可靠性。   相似文献   

全球典型被动陆缘盆地油气成藏特征     

刘延莉  刘静静 《世界地质》2022,(1)

以被动陆缘油气富集理论为指导,通过研究南大西洋和印度洋被动陆缘盆地油气地质条件,分析油气差异富集因素。研究结果表明:被动陆缘盆地主要发育3套含油气系统,其中印度洋地区主要发育克拉通陆内裂谷期含油气系统,裂陷期含油气系统,漂移期含油气系统。南大西洋地区主要发育裂陷期含油气系统,漂移早期含油气系统和漂移晚期含油气系统。根据不同油气成藏特征,总结为10类成藏模式,不同成藏模式发育背景和成藏主控因素各异。为被动陆缘盆地不同构造沉积演化阶段油气勘探方向提供研究基础,对相关或类似盆地勘探研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Formation mechanism,experimental method,and property characterization of grain-displacing methane hydrates in marine sediment: A review     

Yong-chao Zhang  Le-le Liu  Gao-wei Hu  Qing-tao Bu  Cheng-feng Li  Zheng-cai Zhang  Jian-ye Sun  Chang-ling Liu 《China Geology》2022,5(2):345-354

Grain-displacing hydrate deposits exist at many marine sites, which constitute an important part of methane hydrate resources worldwide. Attributed to the difficulties in acquiring field data and synthesizing experimental samples, the formation and property characterization of grain-displacing hydrate remains less understood and characterized than the pore-filling hydrate in current literature. This study reviews the formation mechanisms of grain-displacing hydrate from the perspective of geological accumulation and microscale sedimentary property. The experimental methods of synthesizing grain-displacing hydrate in the laboratory and the current knowledge on the property of grain-displacing hydrate sediment are also introduced. Shortcomings in current theories and suggestions for future study are proposed. The work is hoped to provide valuable insights for the research into the hydrate accumulation, geophysics, and hydrate exploitation targeted at the grain-displacing hydrate in the marine sediments.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Geology and mineralization of the supergiant Shimensi granitic-type W-Cu-Mo deposit (1.168 Mt) in northern Jiangxi,South China: A Review     

《China Geology》2022,5(3):510-527

The Shimensi deposit is a recently discovered W-Cu-Mo polymetallic deposit located in the Jiangnan porphyry-skarn W belt in South China. The deposit has a resource of 0.74×10⁶ t of WO₃ accompanied by 0.4×10⁶ t Cu and 28000 t Mo and other useful components like Ga, making it one of the largest W deposits in the world. This paper is aimed to reveal the ore-controlling mechanisms of the Shimensi deposit, involving the role of the ore-related granites, the tectonic background for its formation, and the metallogenesis model. The systematic geological survey suggests multi-types of alteration are developed in the deposit, mainly including greisenization, potassic-alteration, sericitization, chloritization, and silicification. Drilling engineering data and mining works indicate that the Shimensi deposit consists of two main orebodies of I and II. Therein, the W resource has reached a supergiant scale, and the accompanied Cu, Mo, Au, Bi, Ga, and some other useful components are also of economic significance. The main ore-minerals consist of scheelite, wolframite and chalcopyrite. Disseminated mineralization is the dominant type of the W-Cu-Mo polymetallic orebodies, and mainly distributes in the inner and external contact zone that between the Neoproterozoic biotite granodiorite and the Yanshanian granites. The main orebody occurs at the external contact zone, and the pegmatoid crust near the inner contact zone is an important prospecting marker of the W mineralization. Of them, the disseminated W ores within the wall rock of the Neoproterozoic biotite granodiorite is a new mineralization type identified in this paper. Combining previous geochronological and isotopic data, we propose that the mineralization of the Shimensi deposit is closely related to the intruding of the Yanshanian porphyritic biotite granite and granite porphyry. Geochemical data suggest that the biotite granodiorite is rich in Ca and had provided a large amount of Ca for the precipitation of scheelite in this area. Thus, it is a favorable wall rock type for W mineralization. The Shimensi deposit belongs to granitic-type W polymetallic deposit related to post-magmatic hydrothermal, and the ore-forming fluid was initially derived from the Yanshanian magmas.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation of hydrate formation in water-dominated pipeline and its influential factors     

Li Huang  Jia-le Kang  Xiao-dong Shen  Jian-ye Sun  Qing-guo Meng  Qiang Chen  Gao-wei Hu  Chang-ling Liu  Neng-you Wu 《China Geology》2022,5(2):310-321

Blockage in water-dominated flow pipelines due to hydrate reformation has been suggested as a potential safety issue during the hydrate production. In this work, flow velocity-dependent hydrate formation features are investigated in a fluid circulation system with a total length of 39 m. A 9-m section pipe is transparent consisted of two complete rectangular loops. By means of pressurization with gas-saturated water, the system can gradually reach the equilibrium conditions. The result shows that the hydrates are delayed to appear as floccules or thin films covering the methane bubbles. When the circulation velocity is below 750 rpm, hydrate is finally deposited as a “hydrate bed” at upmost of inner wall, narrowing the flow channel of the pipeline. Nevertheless, no plugging is observed during all the experimental runs. The five stages of hydrate deposition are proposed based on the experimental results. It is also revealed that a higher driving pressure is needed at a lower flow rate. The driving force of hydrate formation from gas and water obtained by melting hydrate is higher than that from fresh water with no previous hydrate history. The authors hope that this work will be beneficial for the flow assurance of the following oceanic field hydrate recovery trials.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献